Double Predestination: Calvin, Reprobation and the Critics
Double Predestination: Calvin, Reprobation and the Critics Double predestination is the teaching that God's eternal decree concerns both the saved and the lost: He elects some…
21 min read
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Christian Philosophy
Christian philosophy worked out one idea at a time. Each essay takes a single concept from Frame-Indexed Classical Theism, and shows how it can resolve core tensions.
Limited Atonement: For Whom Did Christ Die?
Limited Atonement: For Whom Did Christ Die? Limited atonement is the Reformed doctrine that God intended Christ's death to secure the salvation of the elect, so…
18 min read
Unconditional Election: Who the Elect Are and Why God Chose
Unconditional Election: Who the Elect Are and Why God Chose Unconditional election is the Reformed doctrine that God, before He made the world, chose particular people…
20 min read
Irresistible Grace: Effectual Calling and Its Critics
Irresistible Grace: Effectual Calling and Its Critics Irresistible grace is the Reformed doctrine, the I in TULIP, that the saving grace God gives to the elect…
20 min read
Perseverance of the Saints: Dort, Westminster, Warnings
Perseverance of the Saints: Dort, Westminster, Warnings The perseverance of the saints is the Reformed doctrine, the fifth of the five points summarized as TULIP, that…
18 min read
Calvinism vs Arminianism: The Differences, Side by Side
Calvinism vs Arminianism: The Differences, Side by Side Calvinism vs Arminianism is the Protestant debate over how God saves sinners: Calvinism holds that God's eternal choice…
20 min read
Penal Substitution: Its Case, Critics, and Divine Wrath
Penal Substitution: Its Case, Critics, and Divine Wrath Penal substitution is the doctrine that Christ, in His death on the cross, bore the penalty due to…
19 min read
Calvinism: History, Branches, Critics and an Alternative
Calvinism: History, Branches, Critics and an Alternative Calvinism is the Reformed Protestant system of theology that descends from John Calvin (1509–1564) and the Swiss Reformation, and…
22 min read
Nominalism: Universals, Ockham, and the Realist Reply
Nominalism: Universals, Ockham, and the Realist Reply Nominalism is the philosophical view that universals, such as redness or humanity, do not exist as real things, so…
21 min read
Can You Lose Your Salvation? Once Saved, Always Saved?
Can You Lose Your Salvation? Once Saved, Always Saved? Whether you can lose your salvation depends on which Christian tradition you ask, and each of the…
18 min read
